Glaucoma is a group of eye conditions that damage the optic nerve, usually due to increased pressure within the eye. Here are some credible causes:
- High Intraocular Pressure (IOP): This is the most common risk factor for glaucoma. When the fluid inside the eye (aqueous humor) doesn’t drain properly, it can build up, causing pressure to increase.
- Family History: Genetics play a significant role. If you have a close relative with glaucoma, you are at a higher risk of developing it.
- Age: Glaucoma becomes more common as you age, especially after 60.
- Ethnicity: People of African descent have a higher risk, and they tend to develop it at a younger age compared to other ethnic groups.
- Medical Conditions: Certain medical conditions like diabetes, heart disease, high blood pressure, and hypothyroidism can increase the risk of glaucoma.
- Eye Conditions: Conditions such as nearsightedness (myopia), eye injuries, thin corneas, and retinal detachment can increase the risk.
- Steroid Use: Long-term use of corticosteroid medications, particularly eye drops, can increase intraocular pressure and thus the risk of glaucoma.
- Eye Anatomy: Certain variations in eye anatomy, such as thinner corneas or a shallower anterior chamber, can predispose someone to glaucoma.
- Eye Surgery or Trauma: Previous eye surgery or trauma can sometimes trigger the development of glaucoma.
- Other Factors: Factors like smoking, prolonged use of electronic devices, and a sedentary lifestyle may also contribute to the risk of glaucoma, though the evidence is not as strong.
Regular eye check-ups, especially for those at higher risk, are essential for early detection and treatment of glaucoma to prevent vision loss.
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